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Citation analysis is the examination of the frequency, patterns, and graphs of citations in articles and books.〔(Garfield, E. ''Citation Indexing - Its Theory and Application in Science, Technology and Humanities'' Philadelphia:ISI Press, 1983. )〕 It uses citations in scholarly works to establish links to other works or other researchers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = ) by Loet Leydesdorff and Olga Amsterdamska〕 Citation analysis is one of the most widely used methods of bibliometrics. For example, bibliographic coupling and co-citation are association measures based on citation analysis (shared citations or shared references). Automated citation indexing has changed the nature of citation analysis research, allowing millions of citations to be analyzed for large-scale patterns and knowledge discovery. The first example of automated citation indexing was CiteSeer, later to be followed by Google Scholar. Today citation analysis tools are easily available to compute various impact measures for scholars based on data from citation indices.〔Examples include subscription-based tools based on proprietary data, such as Web of Science and Scopus, and free tools based on open data, such as (Scholarometer ) by Filippo Menczer and his team.〕 These have various applications, from the identification of expert referees to review papers and grant proposals, to providing transparent data in support of academic merit review, tenure, and promotion decisions. This competition for limited resources may lead to ethical questionable behavior to increase citations. A great deal of criticism has been made of the practice of naively using citation analyses to compare the impact of different scholarly articles without taking into account other factors which may affect citation patterns.〔Bornmann, L., & Daniel, H. D. (2008). What do citation counts measure? A review of studies on citing behavior. Journal of Documentation, 64(1), 45-80.〕 Among these criticisms, a recurrent one focuses on “field-dependent factors”, which refers to the fact that citation practices vary from one area of science to another, and even between fields of research within a discipline.〔Anauati, Maria Victoria and Galiani, Sebastian and Gálvez, Ramiro H., Quantifying the Life Cycle of Scholarly Articles Across Fields of Economic Research (November 11, 2014). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2523078〕 ==Overview== While citation indexes were originally designed for information retrieval, they are increasingly used for bibliometrics and other studies involving research evaluation. Citation data is also the basis of the popular journal impact factor. There is a large body of literature on citation analysis, sometimes called scientometrics, a term invented by Vasily Nalimov, or more specifically bibliometrics. The field blossomed with the advent of the Science Citation Index, which now covers source literature from 1900 on. The leading journals of the field are ''Scientometrics,'' ''Informetrics,'' and the ''Journal of the American Society of Information Science and Technology''. ASIST also hosts an electronic mailing list called SIGMETRICS at ASIST.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=The Information Society for the Information Age )〕 This method is undergoing a resurgence based on the wide dissemination of the Web of Science and Scopus subscription databases in many universities, and the universally available free citation tools such as CiteBase, CiteSeerX, Google Scholar, and the former Windows Live Academic (now available with extra features as Microsoft Academic Search). Legal citation analysis is a citation analysis technique for analyzing legal documents to facilitate the understanding of the inter-related regulatory compliance documents by the exploration the citations that connect provisions to other provisions within the same document or between different documents. Legal citation analysis uses a citation graph extracted from a regulatory document, which could supplement E-discovery - a process that leverages on technological innovations in big data analytics.〔()〕〔Mohammad Hamdaqa and A. Hamou-Lhadj, "Citation Analysis: An Approach for Facilitating the Understanding and the Analysis of Regulatory Compliance Documents", In Proc. of the 6th International Conference on Information Technology, Las Vegas, USA〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://hudsonlegalblog.com/e-discovery/e-discovery-special-report-rising-tide-nonlinear-review.html ) by Cat Casey and Alejandra Perez〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/benkerschberg/2012/01/09/what-technology-assisted-electronic-discovery-teaches-us-about-the-role-of-humans-in-technology/ )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「citation analysis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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